Anatomy of the Face - Flipbook - Page 28
Occipitofrontalis Muscle
(Musculus epicranius, venter frontalis)
ORIGIN
FRONTAL BELLY (FRONTALIS): SKIN OF EYEBROW, MUSCLES OF
FOREHEAD
OCCIPITAL BELLY (OCCIPITALIS): (LATERAL 2/3 OF) SUPERIOR
NUCHAL LINE
INSERTION
(THE FOREHEAD) AND OCCIPITALIS (BACK OF THE SCULL). AS THE
ONLY MUSCLE THAT RAISES THE EYEBROWS, ITS FUNCTION GOES
BEYOND SIMPLY KEEPING THE BROWS OUT OF ONE’S VISUAL FIELD;
IT IS ALSO NECESSARY FOR CONVEYING WIDE VARIETY OF
EMOTIONS (SUCH AS SURPRISE, RAGE, ANGER, DISGUST ETC.) AND
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION.
OCCIPITOFRONTALIS MUSCLE HAS SEVERAL ACTIONS DEPENDING
ON WHICH OF ITS ATTACHMENTS IS FIXED:
EPICRANIAL APONEUROSIS
BLOOD SUPPLY
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL, OPHTHALMIC, POSTERIOR AURICULAR
AND OCCIPITAL ARTERIES
INNERVATION
FRONTAL BELLY: TEMPORAL BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE (CN VII)
OCCIPITAL BELLY: POSTERIOR AURICULAR NERVE (BRANCH OF
FACIAL NERVE (CN VII))
WHEN ITS APONEUROTIC ATTACHMENT IS FIXED, THE FRONTAL
BELLY ELEVATES THE EYEBROWS AND SKIN OF THE FOREHEAD,
PRODUCING A FACIAL EXPRESSION OF SHOCK OR SURPRISE. WHEN
ITS FOREHEAD ATTACHMENT IS FIXED, THE FRONTAL BELLY AIDS THE
PROCERUS, ORBICULARIS OCULI AND CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII
MUSCLES TO FROWN THE EYEBROWS BY PULLING THE SKALP
FORWARDS AND WRINKLING THE FOREHEAD. SINCE THE MUSCLE
HEADS OF THE FRONTAL BELLY ARE SEPARATED, IT IS POSSIBLE TO
PERFORM THESE MOVEMENTS ON ONLY ONE OF THE HALVES OF THE
FACE.
FRONTALIS MUSCLE ACTION PRODUCES HORIZONTAL FOREHEAD
LINES. FOUR TYPES OF FOREHEAD LINES HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED:
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
DRAINS MAINLY INTO THE PREAURICULAR NODES AND PAROTID 1.FULL, STRAIGHT LINES THAT RUN ACROSS THE WHOLE FOREHEAD
NODES
(45%)
ACTION
FRONTAL BELLY: ELEVATES EYEBROWS, WRINKLES SKIN OF
FOREHEAD
OCCIPITAL BELLY: RETRACTS SCALP
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
OCCIPITOFRONTALIS IS A LONG AND WIDE MUSCLE OF THE SCALP,
SPANNING FROM THE EYEBROWS TO THE SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINES
OF OCCIPITAL BONES. IT CONSISTS OF TWO BELLIES – FRONTALIS
2.GULL WING-SHAPED LINES WITH A CENTRAL DEPRESSION AND
LATERAL ELEVATION (30%)
3.SHORT CENTRAL HORIZONTAL LINES OVER THE MIDDLE OF THE
FOREHEAD BUT FEW OR NO LINES LATERALLY (10%)
4.LATERAL STRAIGHT LINES AS TWO COLUMNS FORMED ON THE
LATERAL ASPECT OF THE FOREHEAD WITH NO CENTRAL LINES (15%)
GALEA APONEUROTICA
OCCIPITALIS BELLY
FRONTALIS BELLY
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