Anatomy of the Face - Flipbook - Page 24
Orbicularis oculi (Musculus orbicularis oculi)
ORIGIN:
NASAL PART OF FRONTAL BONE, FRONTAL PROCESS OF MAXILLA,
MEDIAL PALPEBRAL LIGAMENT, LACRIMAL BONE
INSERTION:
SKIN OF ORBITAL REGION, LATERAL PALPEBRAL RAPHE, SUPERIOR
AND INFERIOR TARSAL PLATES
BLOOD SUPPLY:
MAXILLARY, SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL, FACIAL AND OPHTHALMIC
ARTERIES
INNERVATION:
TEMPORAL AND ZYGOMATIC BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE (CN VII)
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
DRAINS INTO THE SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP PAROTID LYMPH NODES
(PRE-AURICULAR)
ACTION:
ORBITAL PART: CLOSES EYELIDS TIGHTLY
PALPEBRAL PART: CLOSES EYELIDS GENTLY
DEEP PALPEBRAL PART: COMPRESSES LACRIMAL SAC
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
ORBICULARIS OCULI IS A FLAT, BROAD PAIRED MUSCLE THAT
FORMS AN ELLIPSE AROUND THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE
ORBIT. IT IS COMPOSED OF ORBITAL, PALPEBRAL AND DEEP
PALPEBRAL PARTSORBICULARIS OCULI IS CONSIDERED THE
SPHINCTER OF THE EYELIDS INVOLVED IN FACIAL EXPRESSION,
OCULAR PROTECTION AND REFLEXES. CONTRACTION OF
THE ORBITAL PART DRAWS THE SKIN OF THE FOREHEAD AND
CHEEK TOWARDS THE NOSE. THIS PROTECTIVE FUNCTION CAN
PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY CLOSE THE EYELIDS, LIMITING
EXPOSURE TO POTENTIAL DAMAGING FACTORS SUCH AS
BRIGHT LIGHT OR BLOWING DUST.
CONTRACTION OF THE PALPEBRAL PART RESULTS IN FINER
CONTROL
OF
THE
EYELIDS.
ISOLATED
VOLUNTARY
CONTRACTION OF THE PALPEBRAL PART GENTLY CLOSES THE
EYELIDS, FOR EXAMPLE WHEN BLINKING OR SLEEPING. THE
PALPEBRAL PART CAN ALSO INVOLUNTARILY CLOSE THE
EYELIDS AS A REFLEX MECHANISM. THIS PROTECTIVE ACTION
WIPES THE TEARS ACROSS THE SURFACE OF THE EYEBALL, IN
ORDER TO KEEP IT MOIST AND FREE OF POTENTIALLY IRRITATING
PARTICLES. THE FINE CONTROL OF THE EYELIDS PERFORMED BY
THE PALPEBRAL PART ALSO FACILITATES NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION AND EXPRESSION (DUCHENNE SMILE,
SURPRISE, HORROR, ANGER, SADNESS ETC.
LASTLY, CONTRACTION OF THE DEEP PALPEBRAL PART PULLS
THE EYELIDS AND LACRIMAL PAPILLAE MEDIALLY AND DILATES
THE LACRIMAL SAC. THESE ACTIONS WORK TOGETHER TO
FACILITATE TEAR DRAINAGE ACROSS THE CORNEA. THIS PART IS
ALSO INVOLVED IN COMPRESSING THE LACRIMAL GLAND AND
DUCTS, FURTHER IMPROVING TEAR FLOW. UNFORTUNATELY,
CONTRACTION OF ORBICULARIS OCULI CAN HAVE SOME
ADVERSE EFFECTS. FOR EXAMPLE, IT CREATES SKIN FOLDS AT
THE LATERAL ANGLE OF THE EYELIDS (‘CROW’S FEET’), MORE
COMMONLY KNOWN AS WRINKLES.
HYPERTROPHY OF THE ORBICULARIS OCULI MAY PRODUCE
BAGS UNDER THE LOWER EYELIDS KNOWN AS FESTOONS,
ALTHOUGH THIS IS NOT THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF
BAGGY EYELIDS.
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